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Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering system development for the biological macromolecules at SACLA: A pilot study
(Nobutaka Shimizu , Fangjia Luo, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Kensuke Tono , Keiko Yatabe, So Iwata, Eriko Nango, Biophysics and Physicobiology 22, e220007 (2025), DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v22.0007)
A time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) system for protein solutions using an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) was established by developing a SAXS diffractometer incorporating a helium path into the DAPHNIS system, originally designed for Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SFX) at BL2 of SACLA. This enhancement enabled the successful acquisition of SAXS profiles of ovalbumin under static conditions, utilizing both this newly developed system and the original SFX-compatible flow device. Additionally, acid-induced denaturation of cytochrome c was investigated using a T-junction-type mixing flow system, allowing time-resolved observation of conformational changes in the SAXS profiles.